Stephen Small is Professor of the Graduate School, UC Berkeley. He was the Director of the Institute for the Study of Societal Issues (ISSI) from 2020 - 2024, and Professor of African Diaspora Studies at UC Berkeley prior to his retirement in 2024. He earned his Ph.D. in Sociology at UC Berkeley where he was a graduate student trainee in what is now ISSI’s Graduate Fellows Program. His teaching focuses primarily on African Americans in the post-Civil Rights period, but he necessarily makes comparisons with earlier periods and with other racial and ethnic groups in the contemporary period....